Henry shaw reynolds



No. 6|4,892. Patented Nov. 29, |898..

H. s. REYNOLDS. REINFORCED HEAD FDH RANGE BILERS.

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(Application led'Mar. 25, 18987) (N0 Model.)

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NITED STATES PATENT N-llirincn HENRY SHAV REYNOLDS, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE IRON CLAD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 614,892, dated November 29, 1898.

Application filed March 25, 1898.

T0 @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known thatLHENRY SHAW REYNOLDS, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reinforced Heads for Range-Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to iluid -pressure reservoirs-such as range-boilers,tanks, acfand more particularly relates to the heads thereof.

The object of the invention is to provide a reinforced head for reservoirs and boilers, and which head is materially strengthened and reinforced without any increase in the thickness of the material forming the same.

A further object of the invention is to provide a head which can be simultaneously and at one operation, with its formation, stidened and reinforced, whereby an improved integral head of this character is produced without increase in the cost of production.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specication, Figure 1 is a plan view of one lform of headl embodying this invention, said view illustrating the interior or convex face or surface of the head. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional View thereof, taken in line a a, Fig. l, and shows the convex face of the head extending interiorlyinto the reservoir or boiler; and Fig. 3 is also a cross-sectional view of the head,taken in line b b,Fig. 1.

Similar characters ofv reference designate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

As a preface to a description of this reinforced or stiffened head I desire to state that the reinforcing-arches about to be described Serial No. 675,108. (No model.)

which forms in some constructions of boilersas, for instance, the upright boiler-the bot tom of such boiler, so that its convex side Will project interiorly into the boiler, whereby the pressure exerted on the convex face of such head (see Fig. 2) is utilized to spread or expand the same, and thereby force its holding or supporting annular iiange 3, which is usually riveted to the boiler sides, into firmer engagement with the sides of said boiler, Whereas when the concaved side of the head is toward the interior of the boiler the pressure thereon exerts a pull on the annular holding-flange 3, and this away from the sides of the boiler, thereby instead of pressing such flange into firmer engagement with the boiler tending to separate the flange therefrom. Consequently the latter structure is not as durable in practice as the former. It has, however, been found that when the convex faces of the heads project inwardly they are at times blown out under test-pressure-that is, the pressure used to test the boiler-and also at times blown out in actual use, the pressure being sometimes sufficient on the convex side of the head to force it into concave form, to the permanent injury of the boiler, owing to the fact that the heads are not properly stiffened or reinforced at their points of least resistance, and asthis point of least resistance in each head lies at the greatest distance from the point of support, or the boiler sides, and hence near the middle portion of the head, this part of the head is therefore more or less weak, this weakness being also contributed to by the fact that at this point the convexity of the head is the least, from which it follows that collapse usually takes place at or adjacent to the middle portion of the head. To

avoid this disadvantage and permit the utilization of the convex formation and disposal IOO of the head, I have provided a reinforced or 'set with their bases adjacent to the outer or peripheral edge of said head and with their crowns toward and adjacent to the middle of the head and in the region of least resistance of such head-that is, where the collapse naturally first occurs in a head of the class described. Each of these reinforcing or stiffen ing arches or buttresses is formed in any suitable manner-as, for instance, by forcing out or pro-jecting above the face of the head a portion of the material forming such head, thereby to have the material of the head which surrounds or incloses such projected portion con nected with said projected portion by relatively inclined or deflected walls of increasing depth from the outer or peripheral edge of the head toward the middle portion thereof, whereby by reason of the angular location of these walls and of the relatively great depth thereof adjacent to the middle portion of the head a resisting arch or buttress is formed adapted to sustain the pressure upon the head, especially at the middle thereof.

In that form of head shown herein, and which is more particularly adapted for tubular boilers, (and designated in a general way by A,) it comprises a concavo-convex portion or member 2, having at its periphery an annular flange 3, adapted to be riveted or otherwise secured adjacent to the end of the boiler. In the present structure this annular iiange 3 is formed to project interiorly of the boiler in the same direction as the convex face if extends, whereby, as above set forth, the pressure on the convex face of such head forces the flange 3 into closer engagement with the walls of the boiler and so assists the fastening means or rivets in maintaining the head in position. From the convex face 4 of the head project a plurality of protuberances 5, each of which has its base G adjacent to the peripheral or outer edge of the head and its arch-shaped end or crown 7 adjacent to the middle portion of said head, and,considered in radial section, (seeleft side of Fig. 2,) each commences to project or increase from the convex surface a of the head at a point near the peripheral edge thereof-- as, for instance, at 5-reaching its greatest height above such convex face i at a relatively remote distance from such peripheral edge-as, for instance, at 5-and then abruptly returning to the convex face i near the middle of said head by means of a relativelyinclined wall 9 of comparatively great depth. Considered in section approximately at right angles to the radial, (see t i, Fig. 3,) each of these protuberances has the appearance of a flattened arch, the degree of flatness of the arch varying as the section is taken at a greater or less dist-ance from the middle portion of the head, respectively.

In this improved structure it will be seen that each arch or buttress 5, which is shown herein curved in cross-section, comprises a plurality of inclined surfaces, one of relatively great area and forming the main surface 8 of the arch and which is of decreasing -area from its base G toits crown or top 7 and theother of less area, comprising a continuous connecting-surface 9, uniting the surface S of the arch with that portion of the convex face 4 of the head which incloses orsurrounds such surface S, and which connecting-surface 9 forms an inclined wall of increasing area or depth from the base 6 of said arch to the crown 7 thereof, whereby it is of relatively great depth at such crown 7. Since in the present construction each arch is shown curved in cross-section, it thus forms to a certain extent a duplex arch having one of its crowns projecting toward the interior of the boiler and the other toward the middle of the head. By this construction those portions of the convex face 4 intermediate the arches 5 form radial ribs 10, all having theirouterends 10' terminating in an annular or ring-shaped portion 12, carrying at its peripheral edge the annular flange 3, and their inner ends 10" uniting and forming a common center, forming the middle portion 12' of the head, which is reinforced and stiffened by the arches 5. In practice the surfaces S of the arches are preferably slightly less convex than the radial ribs 10.

From the foregoing it will be seen that in the structure shown in the drawings the radial portions 10 are intermediate the annular and middle portions 12 and 12', respectively, and that each reinforcing-arch is interposed between said radial portions and also said annular and middle portions 12 and 12C In the formation of this improved head the arches may be formed simultaneously therewith, whereby theyV are integral with and practically of the same thickness of material throughout as the main portion of the head.

In considering the strengthening or reinforcing effect of the arches any one, as 5, may be considered. If this be cut away from the remainder of the head in the line c CZ c and only supported at its points c and e, itis evident that the same amount of metal disposed in this arched form will support a greater weight at the point CZ than would be supported by a portion of the regular convex form of the head cut out along this line, and since in practice (see Fig. 2) a large proportion of the pressure comes on the parts 5" of the arches, thereby tending to force the same downward and so tend to spread or force the inclined surfaces S and i), which thus act in the nature of a toggle-joint, into a position corresponding with the radial ribs 10, it follows that this action of the arches tends to maintain the convexity of the middle portion IIO of the head, and thereby increases its resisting effect,so that each of these arches strengthens and reinforces the middle of the head, and together they add greatly `to the total resisting strength and durability of such head. In other words, by giving to a convex surface additional `convex portions, which may be formed by displacing at certain points the metal forming the head, and by forming such additional convex portions in the form of arches so constructed that they will have two inclined surfaces-as, for instance, 8 and 9- the apex of which extends in the same direction as the convex face of the head, it follows that such surfaces under pressure will normally act as toggle-joints to force the middle or part l2 of the head into greater convexity and so maintain the shape 0f the head against undue or increased pressure.

I claim as my inventionl. A reinforced or stiffened head provided with a series of normally-separated reinforcing arches or buttresses set with their bases adjacent to the outer edge of the head and with their crowns toward the middle thereof and in the region of least resistance, and each constructed by projecting a portion of said head to form a surface united with said head by a relatively inclined or deflected Wall of greater depth at the crown of the arch than at the base.

2. A reservoir provided with a reinforced head comprising a concavo-convex member, the convex face extending interiorly of said reservoir, and said member having a series of reinforcements, each formed by displacing toward the interior of said reservoir a part of the metal of said head from its normal concavo-convex formation, whereby a head is provided having a concavo-convex formation provided with a series of separate and independent projections extending beyond the convex surface of said head and adapted under pressure to maintain the convexity thereof.

3. Areservoir-head havin gapl u rality of reinforcements, each comprising an arch disposed with its base toward the outer edge of said head and its crown toward the middle thereof, and formed of a plurality of inclined surfaces, one of greater area than the other, and of decreasing area from the base to the crown, and the other forming a relatively-inclined wall connecting its companion surface with the face of the head, and of. increasing area or depth from said base to said crown.

4. A reservoir comprising a body provided with a reinforced head comprisingaconcavoconvex member, the convex face of which extends interiorly of said reservoir, and a uniting-flange secured to said body and projecting toward the interior of the reservoir, said head havin g a plurality of normally-separated projections formed by displacing toward the interior of the reservoir parts of the metal of said head and disposed to have their regions of greatest resistance in the region of least resistance of said head.

5. A reinforced head comprising a concavoconvex member having a plurality of separated, radiating arches, and a plurality of radial portions intermediate and separating said arches one from another, each of said arches having a convex part projecting beyond the convex face of the head in the region of least resistance of said head, and adapted. to act under pressure to maintain the convexity of said head.

G. A head of the class specified comprising a concavo-convex member formed of a series of radial portions united at their inner ends to form the middle portion of the head, and a series of reinforcements comprising arches, separated by said radial portions, and each disposed with its base toward the outer edge of said head and with its crown toward said middle portion, and comprising a pair of inclined surfaces, one of greater area than the other, and of decreasing area from the base to the crown, and the other forming a relatively-inclined wall connecting its companion surface With said radial portions and with the middle portion of said head, and of increasing area or depth from said base to said crown, whereby said head is reinforced by said arches.

HENRY SHAV REYNOLDS. Witnesses:

ERNEST II. WAY, HOWARD M. FIELD. 

